Why there is a great difference in the overall

90 years after the demise of the Song Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang once again established the Han ruling regime of the Ming Dynasty. However, comparing the two dynasties, you will be surprised to find that the dynasties established successively by the Han people, but the ruling methods and the overall social atmosphere of the whole dynasty are hardly the same, and the photos of the Zhu Ming Dynasty are more cliff-like than those of the Zhao and Song dynasties. Why on earth did the overall atmosphere of the country deteriorate to such an extent in less than a century?

to what extent is the overall social atmosphere worse in the Ming Dynasty than in the Song Dynasty? To put it bluntly, in many ways, compared with the Song Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty showed a trend of retrogression. One of the reasons for is that the quality of the emperors of Zhu Ming Dynasty is very different from that of Zhao and Song Dynasty.

during the Song Dynasty, although Taizu Zhao Kuangyin made unprecedented achievements in strengthening imperial power, the Song Dynasty was the "golden era" in which intellectuals and emperors ruled the world together. It is an unwritten rule that the emperors of the Song Dynasty scrupulously abide by the unwritten rule that "punishment is not on the part of a doctor". The dignity of scholar-officials is well protected by emperors, and examples of Qin and Ming between monarchs and courtiers can be found everywhere.

looking back at the Ming Dynasty, because of his innate hatred of the bureaucratic class, Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor, was even more mean to the bureaucratic class than ever before. Unprecedented low salary, coupled with a word of disagreement can be above the court, take off the minister's trousers hit the board, or even kill him. The bureaucratic class was completely reduced to the family slaves of Emperor Zhu Ming, and the personality of scholar-officials was trampled and destroyed.

after Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Dynasty had the opportunity to reverse the incorrect policy system of trampling on scholar-officials in the era of Zhu Yuanzhang. But unexpectedly, Emperor Jianwen was usurped by Zhu Di after less than four years in power. The fourth son, who was most appreciated by Zhu Yuanzhang, perfectly inherited the rogue gene of his father, and even emerged from the blue rather than the blue. Since then, the overall quality of the bureaucratic class of the Ming Dynasty has plummeted.

No matter how much Emperor Zhu Ming did not regard the bureaucratic stratum as inappropriate, it was always the mainstay of feudal society. Harsh and mean management style will not really tame the most intelligent class in the whole society. Facts have proved that after losing the moral bottom line, these bureaucrats will only intensify their efforts to drive society as a whole and take revenge on Emperor Zhu Ming.

 you may question this "retaliation" statement. Here are two examples to illustrate.

the first example is corruption. Zhu Yuanzhang slaughtered rich families with any trumped-up charges in order to prevent rich people from threatening the rule of future generations. However, these slaughtered land legacies were not really evenly distributed to the people, but eventually fell into the hands of big bureaucrats. To Jiajing Emperor Yan Song and Xu Jie successively two auxiliary courtiers, Yan Song is a famous treacherous minister, there is no doubt about the amount of ill-gotten wealth, and to Qingliu, painstaking efforts to bring down Yan Song Xu Jie, there is also a home field of 150000 mu. So much land, to say that he is an old man or a member of his family, does not extort extortion from the ordinary people to take your trust?

and officials like Yan Song and Xu Jie are only a microcosm of the Ming Dynasty, and there is no shortage of such figures around almost every emperor. The obscure monarch of the Ming Dynasty either turned a blind eye to this or let it go.

the second example is the same party against differences. the factional struggle between the government and the opposition has a long history in feudal society, but only the Ming Dynasty can run through the dynasty from beginning to end, and at the same time there is no principle and no bottom line. Only look at the parties and ignore right and wrong, completely disregarding the interests of the country. And not only in the heyday of peace, but also in the struggle when the general of the country is not in power. It can be explained that the partisan struggle of the dynasty is really unprecedented. The final result of the struggle was to hand over the rivers and mountains to the Manchu people, and the descendants of the Zhu family were wiped out by the Manchu rulers.

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what is this not revenge? The key point is that such retaliation not only made the huge king and grandson of the Zhu clan nearly lose their children and grandchildren, but also destroyed the Chinese civilization.

This has to be mentioned, the Da Yuan Dynasty between Song and Ming.

the Yuan Dynasty abandoned Han culture completely and enslaved the Han people was the basic national policy of the Da Yuan Dynasty. Even if it were not for the persuasion of the Qidan aristocrat Yelu Chucai, the Han people would probably not have been able to escape the disaster in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty. I have to say that this is a kind of luck.  
 in the Dayuan Dynasty, the people were divided into four grades, from high to low: Mongolian, Semu, Northern (Han) and Southern (Han) . On the other hand, there are ten grades of occupation, including nine Confucian scholars and ten beggars. In other words, the intellectuals in the south of the Yangtze River, who were originally respected in the Song Dynasty, were completely reduced to the bottom of society in the Yuan Dynasty (only stronger than beggars), and the culture and cultural people became worthless in the Yuan Dynasty.

the Yuan Dynasty almost copied the ruling policy of grassland serfdom to rule the Central Plains, directly pressing the "fast reverse key" for the development of the Central Plains civilization. The backward ruling style of the Yuan Dynasty can be described as very rough. they deal with all kinds of complex situations in the Central Plains in the most primitive way, and this so-called primitive way is oppression and violence. at the same time, the Central PlainsThe district's "good" life has rapidly corrupted the Mongolian ruling class, and money has become the main measure of right or wrong. Under such a social background, people who were good at drilling and "underworld" organizations had a great market in the Yuan Dynasty. Needless to say, from the masterpiece Outlaws of the Marsh at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, we can see the society's admiration for violent organizations at that time, and there is no lack of intrigue and intrigue under the banner of "acting on behalf of heaven".

and those intellectuals with extremely low status in society, under the pressure of livelihood, they can not inherit the elegance of Tang style and Song Dynasty at all, but find another way to study traditional opera. These intellectuals can only vaguely show their yearning for a better life while pandering to the low taste of the Mongol rulers.

the value orientation of the whole society has changed beyond recognition compared with the Song Dynasty.

picture above   Peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty   
 

the Central Plains finally reached the level of poor livelihood under the brutality of the Yuan Dynasty. Once again, there were wars everywhere in the Central Plains, driving the Mongols out of the Central Plains and back to their hometown in the north. After those successful folk heroes, after fighting each other, Zhu Yuanzhang finally stood out and laughed and became the new overlord of the Central Plains dynasty.

the Central Plains finally reached the level of poor livelihood under the brutality of the Yuan Dynasty. Once again, there were wars everywhere in the Central Plains, driving the Mongols out of the Central Plains and back to their hometown in the north. After those successful folk heroes, after fighting each other, Zhu Yuanzhang finally stood out and laughed and became the new overlord of the Central Plains dynasty.

although Zhu Yuanzhang is indeed a talented person, all his wisdom was accumulated in the extremely dark society of the late Yuan Dynasty, the founding king of his humble origins. his riffraff, cruelty and ruthlessness are already deep in the bone marrow, so no matter how sinful he is, he will not have the slightest remorse for what he has done. With such a great founding ancestor as a model for the emperors of the Ming Dynasty to advocate and emulate, the ruling policy and social tone of the whole dynasty have been established and consolidated.

another contribution of Zhu Yuanzhang was that he left a rich institutional legacy to the later Qing Dynasty. Although they belonged to the same minority dynasty as the Dayuan Dynasty, the rulers of the Manchu Dynasty were obviously much smarter. They only need to use borrowlism and modify and enrich the regime of the Ming Dynasty, and it is so easy to use it, and the dark feudal rule has been extended for nearly three hundred years.