If the military expenditure is not misappropriated to build the Summer

as Mr. Lu Xun said, "as soon as the Chinese see the short sleeves, they immediately think of the white arms and immediately think of the illegitimate child." when it comes to the Summer Palace, people will think of the Beiyang navy at the end of the Qing Dynasty, and they will think of the navy Yamen misappropriating 30 million taels of silver to rebuild the Summer Palace for the Empress Dowager Cixi, resulting in a serious shortage of funds for the Beiyang Navy, resulting in a disastrous defeat by the Japanese navy in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894.

30 million where does the military expenditure come from?

inoperable Beiyang navy

although Langweili was vain and domineering, he took military discipline seriously for Ding Ruching. After he left office, other Beiyang sailors no longer had any scruples. And the erosion within the Beiyang navy is also the reason why Li Hongzhang is unwilling to go to war with Japan easily.

in the face of the provocation of Japan, a small country, the fragile self-esteem of Qing officials was deeply stung. At that time, the Minister of military aircraft, Shang Shu Weng Tonghe, Wen Tingshi, Zhang Jian, and other Qing leaders went to war and "urged Emperor Guangxu to use troops." At the same time, Weng Tonghe also hated Li Hongzhang's delay in his fighter plane, and repeatedly asked Liu Kunyi, the governor of the two rivers, to replace Li Hongzhang.

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in the face of such a power-grabbing attack, Li Hongzhang naturally did not have a good face to the imperial master Weng Tonghe, and after Guang Xu's fourteen years (that is, 1888), the Qing government agreed that the navy would not purchase new equipment according to the book drawn up by the Household Ministry headed by Weng Tonghe. This led to the Beiyang navy "the arsenal was empty" and created a fierce battle between the Beiyang navy and the Japanese navy in the Dadonggou of the Yellow Sea. Dingyuan and Zhenyuan had two main guns of armored ships, but there were only three shells. Therefore, Li Hongzhang deeply resented Weng Tonghe, who clenched his money bag and stuck the sailor's neck.

even when Li Hongzhang fully told the embarrassing situation of the Beiyang Navy, and the imperial court listened to the advice of foreign generals, prepared to purchase new warships and cannons to replenish the navy, and handed it over to the military aircraft Department and the Household Ministry for negotiation, it was still "repeatedly discussed and repeatedly discussed."Defeat ". On the one hand, the Qingliu people supported the war on the grounds of the strength of the Beiyang Navy, and on the other hand, they were in a dilemma with the navigator, which can be called Qingliu to mislead the country. Objectively speaking, the tonnage of the Beiyang navy warship is indeed larger than that of the Japanese warship, but when there is no effective supply of ordnance and artillery, the huge warship can only become a living target, so "although the strength of the Chinese navy is slightly better than that of Japan, its effectiveness is inferior."

the naval battles of the Qing Dynasty and Japan lasted from July 1894 to the end of November of that year. For a full five months, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong were long enough to mobilize warships in addition to routine patrol tasks to support the Beiyang navy. As a result, the "governors of the four provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong, who also had navigators, stood on the sidelines," relying entirely on the strength of the Beiyang navy to deal with the attack of the whole country. Throughout the campaign, the government "Weizhi heckled Beiyang, embarrassed the Huai army, deviated from virtue up and down, and won its defeat."

State affairs are difficult, and it is not appropriate to build gardens to enjoy themselves, but it would be a mistake to blame a garden for the victory or defeat of the war. What's more, the fact that the restoration of the Summer Palace led to defeat is not without the "weapon of public opinion" of the reformists and revolutionary parties. As the saying goes, "the roots are not afraid of the shaking of the wind," but the situation in which the army flies meticulously to seek self-interest, the great powers have their plans, and the courtiers conspire to attack each other, so that this towering tree of the Qing Dynasty has been eroded by all forces, and under the influence of external strength, it is naturally defeated by Japan, which is of one mind to the whole country.